Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971, Conditions for Legal Abortion, Important Provisions in MTP



Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971🌸

(Amended in 2021)
🔹 Purpose: To provide safe and legal access to abortion and reduce maternal mortality caused by unsafe abortions.

📌 Key Features of MTP Act

Feature Details
Year Enacted 1971
Latest Amendment 2021
Applies To Whole of India (except Jammu & Kashmir until 2019)
Main Objective Legalize abortion under certain conditions and protect women’s rights & health

📝 Conditions for Legal Abortion

Duration of Pregnancy Who Can Approve? Reason Required
🔹 Up to 20 weeks 1 Registered Medical Practitioner (RMP) Broad range: rape, contraceptive failure, risk to mother/child
🔹 20 to 24 weeks 2 RMPs (in case of special categories: rape survivors, minors, etc.) Similar reasons, extended for vulnerable women
🔹 Beyond 24 weeks Medical Board (3 experts) Only in case of substantial fetal abnormalities

👩‍⚕️ Who Can Perform MTP?

✅ Only Registered Medical Practitioners (RMPs)
✅ Must have experience in gynecology or obstetrics
✅ Should be done in an approved medical facility

🛑 When Abortion is NOT Allowed

🚫 If pregnancy is beyond the legal limit without medical justification
🚫 Without consent of the woman (except in emergencies)
🚫 By unqualified persons or in unauthorized places

📜 Important Provisions in MTP (Amendment) Act, 2021

🆕 Amendment 🔍 Details
⏱️ Extension to 24 weeks For special categories (rape/incest survivors, minors, etc.)
🔐 Privacy Clause Doctor cannot reveal woman’s identity (except to authorized persons)
👩‍⚖️ Woman’s Consent Only the woman’s consent is needed (not husband’s or guardian's, if adult)
🧑‍⚖️ Medical Boards To decide cases beyond 24 weeks

🧠 Remember (Quick Mnemonic): “MTP CARE”

  • M – Medical Practitioners (RMPs only)

  • T – Time Limit (20, 24, & beyond with conditions)

  • P – Privacy of the woman is protected

  • C – Consent of the woman is a must

  • A – Amended in 2021

  • R – Rape/incest cases included

  • E – Experts decide late abortions

🌈 Why MTP Act is Important?

✔️ Prevents unsafe abortions
✔️ Empowers women over reproductive choices
✔️ Reduces maternal mortality
✔️ Promotes safe medical practices


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