Healthy Notes

  1. What is the normal range of serum sodium? Answer: 135–145 mEq/L Explanation: Sodium regulates fluid balance and is essential for muscle and nerve function. Abnormal levels may lead to confusion, seizures, or coma. 2. Which vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy? Answer: MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) Explanation: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine, and live vaccines can harm the fetus, so it's contraindicated in pregnancy. 3. What is the antidote for Heparin overdose? Answer: Protamine sulfate Explanation: Protamine sulfate neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin, preventing excessive bleeding. 4. What is the normal fetal heart rate? Answer: 110–160 beats per minute Explanation: Monitoring fetal heart rate helps assess fetal well-being during pregnancy and labor. 5. What does the APGAR score assess? Answer: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration Explanation: It's used to assess a newborn's health ...

🧠 Section A: Fundamentals of Nursing (1–10) Q: What are the 10 Rights of Medication Administration? A: Right patient, drug, dose, time, route, documentation, reason, response, education, and right to refuse. Q: Define nursing process. A: A systematic method including Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE). Q: What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis? A: Medical asepsis reduces pathogens (clean technique); surgical asepsis eliminates all pathogens (sterile technique). Q: What are the normal vital sign ranges for adults? Temp: 97–99°F Pulse: 60–100 bpm Resp: 12–20/min BP: 90/60–120/80 mmHg SpO₂: > 95% Q: What is the purpose of back care in bedridden patients? A: Prevent pressure sores and promote circulation. Q: How do you confirm NG tube placement? A: X-ray is the gold standard. Also: pH of aspirate (<5), auscultation, and aspiration. Q: What is the purpose of Trendelenburg posit...